# More Batch normalization problems with 1dconvolution

**URL:** <https://community.konduit.ai/t/more-batch-normalization-problems-with-1dconvolution/1305>\
**Category:** DL4J\
**Created:** [April 8, 2021, 8:04pm UTC](https://community.konduit.ai/t/more-batch-normalization-problems-with-1dconvolution/1305 "2021-04-08T20:04:10Z")\
**Posts on this page:** 2\
**Page:** 1

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**Author:** ![MPdaedalus](https://yyz1.discourse-cdn.com/flex035/user_avatar/community.konduit.ai/mpdaedalus/32/454_2.png) [@MPdaedalus](https://community.konduit.ai/u/MPdaedalus)\
**Post date:** [April 8, 2021, 8:04pm UTC](https://community.konduit.ai/t/more-batch-normalization-problems-with-1dconvolution/1305/1 "2021-04-08T20:04:10Z")

</div>

Hi

I am having more issues with Batch normalization when trying to use 1dCNN, the first parts of my model\>  
.addLayer(“stem-cnn1”,new Convolution1DLayer.Builder(3,2).nIn(483).nOut(32).build(),“input”)  
.addLayer(“stem-batch1”, new BatchNormalization.Builder(false).decay(0.995).eps(0.001).nIn(32).nOut(32).build(),“stem-cnn1”)  
.addLayer(“stem-cnn2”,new Convolution1DLayer.Builder(3).nIn(32).nOut(32).build(),“stem-batch1”)  
.addLayer(“stem-batch2”,new BatchNormalization.Builder(false).decay(0.995).eps(0.001).nIn(32).nOut(32).build(),“stem-cnn2”)

1DCNN uses rank 3 INDArrays as it subclasses off of 2DCNN  
/\*  
//TODO: We will eventually want to NOT subclass off of ConvolutionLayer.  
//Currently, we just subclass off the ConvolutionLayer and hard code the “width” dimension to 1  
\* This approach treats a multivariate time series with L timesteps and  
\* P variables as an L x 1 x P image (L rows high, 1 column wide, P  
\* channels deep). The kernel should be H\<L pixels high and W=1 pixels  
\* wide.  
\*/

but Batch normalization not supported with rank 3, I don’t understand?

Exception in thread “main” java.lang.IllegalStateException: Batch normalization on activations of rank 3 not supported (layer name: stem-batch1, layer index: 0, layer type: BatchNormalization)  
at org.deeplearning4j.nn.layers.normalization.BatchNormalization.preOutput(BatchNormalization.java:506)  
at org.deeplearning4j.nn.layers.normalization.BatchNormalization.activate(BatchNormalization.java:393)  
at org.deeplearning4j.nn.graph.vertex.impl.LayerVertex.doForward(LayerVertex.java:110)  
at org.deeplearning4j.nn.graph.ComputationGraph.ffToLayerActivationsInWS(ComputationGraph.java:2134)  
at org.deeplearning4j.nn.graph.ComputationGraph.computeGradientAndScore(ComputationGraph.java:1371)  
at org.deeplearning4j.nn.graph.ComputationGraph.computeGradientAndScore(ComputationGraph.java:1340)  
at org.deeplearning4j.optimize.solvers.BaseOptimizer.gradientAndScore(BaseOptimizer.java:174)  
at org.deeplearning4j.optimize.solvers.StochasticGradientDescent.optimize(StochasticGradientDescent.java:61)  
at org.deeplearning4j.optimize.Solver.optimize(Solver.java:52)  
at org.deeplearning4j.nn.graph.ComputationGraph.fitHelper(ComputationGraph.java:1164)  
at org.deeplearning4j.nn.graph.ComputationGraph.fit(ComputationGraph.java:1114)  
at org.deeplearning4j.nn.graph.ComputationGraph.fit(ComputationGraph.java:1081)  
at org.deeplearning4j.nn.graph.ComputationGraph.fit(ComputationGraph.java:1017)  
at main.PatternDetect.run(PatternDetect.java:92)  
at main.Start.main(Start.java:15)

on snapshot cuda 11.2

edit: seems i’m not the only one hitting this issue\>

> [@BatchNormalization Layer only support single int as nIn and nOut?](https://community.konduit.ai/t/batchnormalization-layer-only-support-single-int-as-nin-and-nout/900):
>
> I tired to use BatchNormalization layer after my 1DCNN, however, it always gives me an error message showing either nIn/nOut is not specified, or does not support rank 3, so I can’t use it. My workaround is to reshape the output of 1DCNN from 2D to 1D, specify nOut as a singer int. In this way I successfully added Batch Normalization layer into my model. Is it correct to do it in this way? The problem is that when I trained a model in Keras, the model with BN is better than the model without B…

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<div class="post-metadata">

**Author:** ![MPdaedalus](https://yyz1.discourse-cdn.com/flex035/user_avatar/community.konduit.ai/mpdaedalus/32/454_2.png) [@MPdaedalus](https://community.konduit.ai/u/MPdaedalus)\
**Post date:** [April 9, 2021, 10:12pm UTC](https://community.konduit.ai/t/more-batch-normalization-problems-with-1dconvolution/1305/2 "2021-04-09T22:12:22Z")

</div>

error has changed with todays snapshot but still no luck.

[main] WARN org.deeplearning4j.nn.layers.normalization.BatchNormalization - CuDNN BatchNormalization forward pass execution failed - falling back on built-in implementation  
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Invalid size: cannot get size of dimension 3 for rank 3 NDArray (array shape: [57, 32, 246])  
at org.nd4j.linalg.api.ndarray.BaseNDArray.size(BaseNDArray.java:4529)  
at org.deeplearning4j.cuda.normalization.CudnnBatchNormalizationHelper.preOutput(CudnnBatchNormalizationHelper.java:265)  
at org.deeplearning4j.nn.layers.normalization.BatchNormalization.preOutput(BatchNormalization.java:451)  
at org.deeplearning4j.nn.layers.normalization.BatchNormalization.activate(BatchNormalization.java:393)  
at org.deeplearning4j.nn.graph.vertex.impl.LayerVertex.doForward(LayerVertex.java:110)  
at org.deeplearning4j.nn.graph.ComputationGraph.ffToLayerActivationsInWS(ComputationGraph.java:2134)  
at org.deeplearning4j.nn.graph.ComputationGraph.computeGradientAndScore(ComputationGraph.java:1371)  
at org.deeplearning4j.nn.graph.ComputationGraph.computeGradientAndScore(ComputationGraph.java:1340)  
at org.deeplearning4j.optimize.solvers.BaseOptimizer.gradientAndScore(BaseOptimizer.java:174)  
at org.deeplearning4j.optimize.solvers.StochasticGradientDescent.optimize(StochasticGradientDescent.java:61)  
at org.deeplearning4j.optimize.Solver.optimize(Solver.java:52)  
at org.deeplearning4j.nn.graph.ComputationGraph.fitHelper(ComputationGraph.java:1164)  
at org.deeplearning4j.nn.graph.ComputationGraph.fit(ComputationGraph.java:1114)  
at org.deeplearning4j.nn.graph.ComputationGraph.fit(ComputationGraph.java:1081)  
at org.deeplearning4j.nn.graph.ComputationGraph.fit(ComputationGraph.java:1017)

I noticed that cuDNN only seems to support 4D and 5D tensors\>

> **[API Reference :: NVIDIA Deep Learning cuDNN Documentation](https://docs.nvidia.com/deeplearning/cudnn/api/index.html#cudnnBatchNormalizationForwardTraining)**
>
> This is the API Reference documentation for the NVIDIA cuDNN version 8.5.0 library. This API Reference lists the datatyes and functions per library. Specifically, this reference consists of a cuDNN datatype reference section that describes the types...

> **[API Reference :: NVIDIA Deep Learning cuDNN Documentation](https://docs.nvidia.com/deeplearning/cudnn/api/index.html#cudnnBatchNormalizationBackward)**
>
> This is the API Reference documentation for the NVIDIA cuDNN version 8.5.0 library. This API Reference lists the datatyes and functions per library. Specifically, this reference consists of a cuDNN datatype reference section that describes the types...

So does this mean that cuDNN acclerated BN is not possible for 1DCNN networks in deeplearning4j?  
If so how does the fall back implementation work with rank 3 or is this another bug?  
Keras can do BN on 1DCNN without constant reshaping as the linked thread in my first post alludes to so it must be possible.